Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) for Grid Sustainability, Stability, Reliability, and Resilience

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are central to integrating high shares of renewable energy and meeting the exponential demand growth of data centers while improving grid sustainability, stability, reliability, and resilience. AI/ML based approaches enable rapid and accurate state monitoring without complex coupling modeling with computational burden, and are flexible to different battery chemistries. Generalization of feature engineering and model extrapolation under complex working scenarios are the two key components in data-driven battery state estimation and health prediction. Recent advances span AI/ML‑enabled SOC/SOH estimation and degradation modeling, grid‑forming controls that support system strength and black start, safer architectures and sensors, and planning/operations tools that co‑optimize BESS with other generation sources, including renewables and demand‑side flexibility.

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