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Reliable and efficient interconnection and integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into bulk power systems is a trending topic of great importance—and impact—in 2026 and beyond. IEEE Std 2800™-2022, the first edition of a voluntary IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of IBRs Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems, was published a few years ago, specifying consensus technical minimum capability and performance for IBRs leveraging learnings from across the world. The recent adoption of parts of IEEE 2800-2022 by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), for example in their reliability standard PRC-029 specifying ride-through capability and performance requirements is filling critical gaps in the North American reliability standards landscape in response to Order 901 by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). These requirements become mandatory for IBR plants in North America larger than 75 MVA and connected at 100 kV or higher on October 1, 2026, and for IBR plants larger than 20 MVA and connected at 60 kV or higher on January 1, 2027, respectively.
Individual subject matter experts worked since early 2022 on drafting IEEE 2800.2-2026, an IEEE Recommended Practice for Test and Verification Procedures for IBRs Interconnecting with Bulk Power Systems that was approved and published this spring of 2026, providing recommendations for IBR plant Conformity Assessment and possibly supporting, if not at least complementing compliance assessment of North American Generator Owners with new NERC reliability standards like PRC-029.
Going forward, a new IEEE P2800.1, Recommended Practice for Functional Capabilities and Performance of Grid Forming Equipment in Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) / Converter-Based Resources (CBRs) will specify technical minimum functional and performance capabilities of grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resource equipment, including associated performance verification test procedures and criteria. Plant-level GFM requirements may be considered for integration into the revision of IEEE 2800 that is ongoing concurrently under the same Inverter-Based Resources Interconnection Working Group (IBRI-WG) of EDPG’s Wind and Solar Power Plant Interconnection and Design Subcommittee (WSPPID-SC). Assessing of GFM performance at plant-level may require further changes to IEEE 2800.2. Altogether, the suite of IEEE 2800.x standards can provide a comprehensive set of specifications, procedures, and performance criteria for Conformity Assessment of various types of IBR plants with grid-following and grid-forming characteristics.
- Inverter-Based Resources Interconnection Working Group (IBRI-WG)
(renamed from IEEE P2800.2 Working Group in August 2025) — register interest in IEEE myProject here - IEEE PES EDPG Wind and Solar Power Plant Interconnection and Design Subcommittee (WSPPID-SC)
- IEEE PES Electric Machinery Committee (EMC)
- IEEE PES Transmission Subcommittee is under the IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution (T&D) Committee
- IEEE PES Analytic Methods for Power Systems (AMPS) Committee
- IEEE PES PSRC System Protection Subcommittee is under the IEEE PES Power System Relaying and Control (PSRC) Committee
- A. Hoke, J. Boemer, B. Badrzadeh, J. MacDowell, D. Kurthakoti, B. Marszalkowski, M. Meuser, “Foundations for the Future Power System: Inverter-based Resource Interconnection Standards,” IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, March 2024
- IEEE Industry Connections 25-004, Data Centers: Standards Needs Analysis and Recommendations Activity, “Review of Industry Efforts and Standards of Grid Readiness For Data Center Deployment,” January 2026
- M. Patel, W. Baker and R. Chowdhury, “Pilot Protection Scheme Selection Guide for Transmission Lines Near Inverter-Based Resources,” 2025 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Austin, TX, USA, 2025, pp. 1-5
- Wes Baker, M. Patel, A. Haddadi, E. Farantatos and J. C. Boemer, “Inverter Current Limit Logic based on the IEEE 2800-2022 Unbalanced Fault Response Requirements,” 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 1-5
- W. W. Baker et al., “Validation of the Fault Ride-Through Response of a Generic EMT Inverter Model by Laboratory Testing,” 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Orlando, FL, USA, 2023, pp. 1-5
- M. A. Cova Acosta et al., “Validation of EMT Type-4 User Defined Wind Turbine Model According to ERCOT Unit Test Requirements,” 2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Denver, CO, USA, 2022, pp. 1-5
- Baeckeland et al: “Overcurrent Limiting in Grid-Forming Inverters: A Comprehensive Review and Discussion,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 14493-14517, Nov. 2024
- Haddadi, E. Farantatos, I. Kocar, and U. Karaagac, “Impact of inverter based resources on system protection,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 4, 2021
- Protection of Wind Electric Plants, 2022, IEEE PES PSRC WG Report
- Modification of Commercial Fault Calculation Programs for Wind Turbine Generators, 2020, IEEE PES PSRC WG Report
- EPRI
- Evolving Interconnection Standards for Inverter-Based Resources: Opportunities, Challenges, and Stakeholder Impacts. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- FERC Order 901 on IBR Reliability Standards: EPRI Thought Leadership 2024-2025. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Reliable Interconnection and Integration of Inverter-Based Resources into North American Bulk Power Systems. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Application of IBR Standards Collaborative Forum. Supplemental Project Notice. EPRI. Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- PRE-SW: Conformity Assessment Module Verifying IBR Performance for IEEE 2800-2022.EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025. Version 1.1.
- Hardware-In-The-Loop Use Cases and Technology Testing. Supplemental Project Notice. EPRI. Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Voltage Ride-Through Requirements for Future Power Generation Sources. Technical Brief. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Grid Forming Inverters: EPRI Tutorial (2025). EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025
- Characterizing the Fault Current Signature of Grid Forming Inverter Based Resources. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Short Circuit Models for Grid Following and Grid Forming Inverters. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- Fault-Ride Through Performance Analysis of Grid Forming Inverter-Based Resources. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2024.
- Investigating the Fault Response of Grid Forming Inverter-Based Resources. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2023.
- Voltage Ride-Through Requirements for Future Power Generation Sources. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2025.
- ESIG
- i2X FIRST, Forum for the Implementation of Reliability Standards for Transmission (FIRST)
- IEEE/PES/EDPG/WSPPID-SC
- P2800.2 – IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Test and Verification Procedures for Inverter-based Resources Interconnecting with Bulk Power Systems— register interest in IEEE myProject here
- P2800 – Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter/Converter-Based Resources (IBRs/CBRs) Interconnecting with Transmission Electric Power Systems(approved by IEEE SASB NesCom in December 2025) — register interest in IEEE myProject here
- P2800a IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) Interconnecting with Associated Transmission Electric Power Systems Amendment: Reduce Barriers for IBRs with Grid-Forming Equipment(approved by IEEE SASB NesCom in December 2025) — register interest in IEEE myProject here
- P2800.1- Recommended Practice for Functional Capabilities and Performance of Grid Forming Equipment in Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) / Converter-Based Resources (CBRs)(approved by IEEE SASB NesCom in December 2025) — register interest in IEEE myProject here
- The intent is to develop this document jointly with the International Electrotechnical Commission via a Category C liaisonwith IEC TC8 SC8A JWG 5, System issues regarding integration of wind and PV generation into bulk electrical grid (under establishment)