Time: 1:00pm – 5:00pm

Instructor(s):
Zhaoyu Wang, Iowa State University
Salish Maharjan, Iowa State University
Min Lwin, INS Engineering
Tamojit Chakraborty, INS Engineering

Prerequisites:
Knowledge of power electronics, induction motors, and phasor-domain modeling.

Abstract:

This tutorial presents a comprehensive framework for developing generic, scalable Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models of large data center loads. Driven by the explosive growth of AI-powered data centers, utilities face significant stability challenges including subsynchronous oscillations, harmonic resonance, and rapid power swings. Traditional phasor-domain models (WECC and PERC1) are inadequate for capturing these high-frequency dynamics, prompting regulatory mandates such as ERCOT’s 2026 EMT validation requirement.

Participants will explore three common data center architectures (Simple, Centralized UPS, and Distributed UPS) and learn to build detailed EMT models in PSCAD/EMTDC. Key modules cover cooling system modeling using WECC composite load parameters mapped to double-cage induction motors and VFD-driven CRAH units, advanced UPS modeling with multiple operating modes (Eco, Double Conversion, Battery), grid reconnection logic, and high-resolution server load profiles. Crucially, the tutorial introduces frequency scan methodologies within the EMT environment to extract frequency-dependent impedance matrices (Z_dq or Z_pn).

Attendees will learn to apply impedance-based stability criteria to detect negative resistance characteristics and mitigate SSCI risks in weak networks. Through hands-on exercises and validation against real-world case studies (100 MW and 1 GW systems), attendees will gain practical skills to perform accurate stability assessments, supporting safe and rapid interconnection of data center loads.